Om te lezen: Accessing and Licensing Government Data
This study aims at exploring how to best ensure the re-use of governmental data in Europe, with special reference to public sector databases and to the legal solutions which can be necessary for managing the level of IP protection that may subsist in such collections of governmental data. In fact, Directive 96/9/EC (the ‘Database Directive’) introduced a new, purely European, legal phenomenon: a sui generis (or ‘database’) right aimed at protecting the investments made by the producer of a nonoriginal database in the collection, verification or presentation of the contents of a database. The Database Directive seems not to exclude public databases from qualifying for the sui generis protection; therefore, the research also seeks to examine the interface between the Database Directive’s and PSI Directive’s regimes and the possible solutions for maximizing the re-use of both protected and unprotected public datasets. (...)
Part 1 seeks to offer an overview of the legal framework for database protection in Europe by analysing the Database Directive’s provisions and the interpretation of its key terms provided by the European Court of Justice. The chapter aims at exploring if and in which measure – according to the Database Directive’s provisions (and to its national implementations) and following the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) criteria – a state’s database qualifies for sui generis protection and public sector bodies can be considered database producers.
Part 2 provides an analysis of the provisions of Directive 2003/98/EC on the re-use of public sector information (the ‘PSI Directive’), as the main legislative initiative adopted in recent years at the European level to enhance the value of public informative resources. In particular, of special interest for the purpose of this study are the provisions of the PSI Directive dealing with the issue of IPRs owned by PSI-holders and with the licensing of public information. (...)
The study embraces, in a comparative perspective, two main categories of open content licensing schemes applicable to public sector information and databases: on the one hand, international licensing models such as Creative Commons (CC) and Open Data Commons (ODC), and, on the other hand, a number of national schemes recently launched, such as the UK Open Government License (OGL), the French Licence Ouverte (LO), the Italian Open Data License (IODL) and the Norwegian Open Data License (NODL).
The analysis of the features of these licenses and of the way such models deal with data and databases provides the necessary basis for finally addressing a series of ultimate questions: What is the best way to ensure the re-use of public datasets in compliance with the principles set by the PSI Directive and in consideration of the fact that these collections can be covered by the sui generis right? Which licensing models are more effective in maximizing and simplifying borderless (European and extra-European) flow and re-use of open data? Is it recommendable to concentrate the efforts of the various open data initiatives towards more harmonized licensing solutions?
